What causes root canal infections—and how we treat them

A persistent toothache can feel more like an alarm than an inconvenience. Often, it signals a deeper dental problem that needs urgent care. One common issue behind intense tooth pain is a root canal infection. These infections don’t just cause discomfort; they can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

This blog post covers everything you need to know about root canal infections—from their causes and symptoms to treatment options and prevention tips.

What is a root canal infection?

At the center of every tooth lies the pulp, which contains nerves, blood vessels and connective tissue. When this pulp becomes infected, it results in a root canal infection. These infections are often caused by bacteria entering the pulp chamber and can lead to swelling, pain and even abscesses if untreated.

While it may sound alarming, root canal infections are a common dental issue that can be effectively treated with modern dental techniques.

Common causes of root canal infections

Root canal infections don’t occur out of nowhere. While individual causes may vary, here are the primary culprits:

1. Deep decay

The most common cause of root canal infections is untreated cavities that penetrate deep into the tooth, eventually reaching the pulp. Bacteria from the cavity invade the pulp chamber, leading to inflammation or infection.

2. Cracks or fractures

A cracked tooth may not always be visible to the naked eye but can still allow bacteria easy access to the pulp. Even minor cracks that go untreated can lead to infections over time.

3. Tooth trauma

Physical injuries, such as a hit to the face, can cause internal damage to the pulp. Even if the tooth appears intact externally, trauma can expose the pulp to bacteria, increasing the risk of infection.

4. Failed dental work

Sometimes previous dental treatments, including crowns or fillings, can fail to seal the tooth properly. When this happens, bacteria can sneak in and cause infection.

5. Gum disease

Severe gum disease (periodontitis) doesn’t just affect your gums. It can also spread to the surrounding bone and tooth roots, creating a pathway for bacteria to infect the pulp.

Identifying these causes early is key to preventing further complications, which is why regular dental check-ups are essential.

Symptoms of a root canal infection

How can you tell if you have a root canal infection? The symptoms often start subtly but escalate quickly. Watch out for these telltale signs:

  • Severe tooth pain that lingers or worsens, especially when chewing.

  • Swelling around the tooth or in the gums.

  • Sensitivity to hot or cold foods and drinks, even after the temperature stimulus is removed.

  • A darkened or discolored tooth indicating internal damage.

  • Foul taste in your mouth or bad breath caused by the infection.

  • Pus or an abscess near the infected tooth, which is a clear sign of an advanced infection.

  • Swollen lymph nodes or a general feeling of being unwell in severe cases.

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s important to see a dentist promptly to avoid complications like tooth loss or the spread of the infection.

Diagnosing a root canal infection

To diagnose a root canal infection, dentists follow a systematic process. Here’s what you can expect during your visit:

  • Oral examination

    • Your dentist will examine your teeth and gums visually to check for swelling, discoloration or other visible signs of infection.

  • X-rays

    • Endodontists use X-rays to identify underlying issues that aren’t visible to the naked eye, such as abscesses or damage to the root.

  • Sensitivity testing

    • Dentists may perform a sensitivity test by applying heat, cold or pressure to the affected tooth to evaluate the condition of the pulp.

  • Pulp vitality test

Through these methods, your dentist can pinpoint the exact cause of the issue and recommend the best treatment plan.

Treatment options for root canal infections

The good news is root canal infections can be treated effectively, restoring both your comfort and oral health. Here are the main treatment options:

1. Root canal therapy

Root canal therapy is the most common treatment for an infected pulp. During this procedure:

  • The dentist removes the infected pulp and bacteria from the tooth.

  • The pulp chamber is cleaned, disinfected and filled with a biocompatible material.

  • The tooth is sealed and often topped with a crown to restore its strength.

This procedure is highly effective and can eliminate infection while preserving your natural tooth.

2. Antibiotics

For severe infections causing swelling or abscesses, antibiotics may be prescribed alongside other treatments. However, antibiotics alone rarely cure root canal infections.

3. Apicoectomy

If a standard root canal isn’t enough, a dentist may perform an apicoectomy. This surgical procedure involves removing the tip of the root along with the infected tissue.

4. Tooth extraction

In extreme cases where the tooth is too damaged to save, extraction may be required. However, this is often a last resort after exploring other treatments.

How to prevent root canal infections

Preventing a root canal infection is always better than treating one. While some causes, like trauma, may be difficult to avoid, many infections are preventable with good oral care habits. Follow these tips:

  • Maintain regular dental check-ups

  • Professional cleanings and exams help catch issues early, often before they reach the pulp.

  • Brush and floss daily

  • Keeping your teeth and gums free from plaque minimizes the risk of cavities and gum disease.

  • Address dental issues promptly

  • Don’t ignore cracks, chips, or sensitivity. Early treatment can prevent minor problems from escalating into infections.

  • Wear a mouthguard

  • If you play sports or grind your teeth at night, wearing a custom-fitted mouthguard can reduce the risk of accidental trauma.

  • Choose a healthy diet

  • Limit sugary foods and drinks, which can contribute to decay, and opt for tooth-friendly snacks like fruits, veggies, and dairy products.

Take action if you suspect a root canal infection

Root canal infections can be painful and disruptive, but they’re also highly treatable when addressed early. Ignoring the symptoms could lead to more severe dental issues, so don’t wait if you think something might be wrong.

If you’re experiencing tooth pain, swelling, or any other concerning symptoms, schedule an appointment with us at West Forth Worth Endodontics as soon as possible. Taking the first step will bring you closer to relief and restored oral health.

WFW Endodontics Team

News, knowledge and know-how from the West Fort Worth Endodontics team.

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